Welcome to my Web site!

"A human robot is a robot that can graduate from college in 4 years with a computer science degree.  The moment it graduates from college, the robot has achieved human level artificial intelligence."

The current artificial intelligence theories don’t work (2006)
When I enter a library and go to the Artificial Intelligence section there are literally hundreds and hundreds of books on the subject matter.  Most of the books come from the same old categories such as Neural Networks, NLP, Bayesian's probability theories, predicate calculus, language parsers, grammar rules, rule-based systems, forward and backward logic, recursive strip programs, recursive planning programs (for 2 player games),  machine learning, semantic networks and genetic programming.  The special books are those that don’t conform within the existing theories of AI and uses totally different methods.

I have concluded that none of the pre-existing AI methods can help programmers build a robot with human level intelligence.  From this point I started to brainstorm alternative ideas and attempt to solve the hardest problem facing artificial intelligence:  to build a robot that can do human tasks. 

My quest for human level artificial intelligence actually started back in 1999.  One day, I was walking on campus and I was riddled with a question:  How come there are no humanoid robots walking on campus?  I thought to myself:  "surely, there should be robots that are commercially sold on the market that can at least replace janitors or bus drivers".    

After doing my own investigation and talking to professors, I realize that no one has designed a human robot that can do human tasks yet.  My professor was adamant that building a robot with human level artificial intelligence is an unreachable goal for the human race.  He showed me the latest books (2001-2002) from colleges specialized in AI, such as MIT and Stanford University.  In one of these books, there was "one page" at the ending that talked about human level artificial intelligence.  The author stated that HLAI is difficult (or impossible) to reach and this is a technology that is "yet to be discovered".

The main objective scientists are trying to achieve is something called “Strong AI”.  This is a form of learning machine that can take past knowledge and use it to learn new knowledge.  For example, human beings use this technique to learn language.  We have to learn the ABC’s first before we can learn how to read and write.  Our brain's take past knowledge on grammar and use it to learn more advance forms of grammar.

I reject AI programs that includes the following in their data structure:  computer text, language parsers, grammar rules, semantic networks, and manual insertion of knowledge into a computer system.  Human beings learn grammar in terms of a bootstrapping process.  They have to learn grammar in elementary school, then intermediate school, then high school, and finally college.  Same goes with learning math.  Before anyone can learn Calculus they have to first learn trigonometry.  Before they can learn trigonometry, they have to first learn algebra.  Before they can learn algebra, they have to first learn basic addition and subtraction.  Knowledge in a human brain builds on top of each other to form complex thinking.    

Currently in Artificial Intelligence the best learning machine anyone has ever built is a machine less intelligent than an insect!  An insect is an understatement, I should say that a learning machine that is less intelligent than a bacteria would be a better fact.  People have to understand that even something like a bacteria have systematic instructions that allow it to evolve its intelligence.  Sometimes bacteria changes and mutates, both physically and mentally, into something that can adapt to its environment.  This adaptation is a sign that the bacteria has a very sophisticated form of intelligence that will allow it to survive in a world with fixed rules.  It also means that the bacteria can learn from past experiences and use that past experience to make itself better in the future.

After studying Artificial Intelligence for over 7 years I can tell you that none of the existing theories or the combination of theories can lead to a machine that has human level artificial intelligence (strong AI).  This is why there are no humanoid robots working in restaurants or businesses.  To sum things up, neural networks, NLP, Bayesian's probability theories, predicate calculus, language parsers, grammar rules, rule-based systems, forward and backward logic, recursive strip programs, recursive planning programs (for 2 player games),  machine learning, semantic networks and genetic programming can't be used to build a human robot.

The only way to build a machine with human intelligence is to build a machine very similar to a human being (two hands, two feet, one head, 5 senses, etc.).  There are no shortcuts or special AI techniques that can allow a machine to be intelligent at a human level.  The chatbots online or talking software are expert systems -- they are illusions to trick people into believing the machine has human intelligence. 

I have spent 6 years designing my own kind of learning machine.  It started out as a college project and it evolved from there.  I have written and published four books on the technology:

Human Level Artificial Intelligence book1
Universal Artificial Intelligence book2
Universal Artificial Intelligence book3
Human Artificial Intelligence -- building super intelligent robots:  book4

The books itself took me about 1 year to complete - from the first day that I wrote the pages to the day they were published.  However, the design of the Human Level Artificial Intelligence program and the Universal Artificial Intelligence program took me 6 years to complete.  A lot of hard work was put into this project and a lot of sacrifices were made.  If you want an idea on the magnitude of work I put into this project, just imagine brainstorming and writing 40-45 notebooks (200 pages each; front and back).  "My greatest regret was not publishing my work earlier".  

It took me this long because all parts of human intelligence must be simulated.  The most basic parts are storing information, modifying information and retrieving information.  The not so obvious parts are the conscious, the purpose of the AI, and the future prediction functions.  Questions I try to solve 4-5 years ago where things like:  How do we recognize images and situations?  How do we store data in memory?  How can we represent the meaning of language in a computer?  How do we make decisions?  What does forgetting information have to do with data in memory?  How will data be configured in memory?  How can we change specific data in memory?  How can we use language to change data in memory?  How can we learn things?  How is complex thinking created in the brain?  These are all questions I have to answer before I can attempt to build this program.  Each and every one of the questions above must be answered and simulated in a computer.

Universal Artificial Intelligence
All organic life forms have the same type of learning program.  It doesn’t matter if it’s a bacteria or an insect or an animal or a human being, all species come from the same type of learning machine.  I call this learning machine “Universal Artificial Intelligence”.  UAI is a program that has a bootstrapping process that learns information from the environment through its 5 senses; and uses old information to learn new information.  Species such as bacteria, insects, animals and humans can learn from past experiences.  They use their past experiences to learn new things.  With intelligence that can learn from past experiences, living organisms on earth can survive by adapting and changing with the environment.

What exactly is the Universal Artificial Intelligence?  The UAI is actually a software that can play “any” videogame and past all the levels in the most optimal way possible.  Any game that exists for the Xbox 360, Playstation 2, Playstation 3, SuperNES, Gamecube, Atari, P2P, Gameboy or any videogame console can be used in the UAI program.

Imagine a game like racing, if the UAI program can play a racing game with adequate skill, then I can use the UAI to drive a real car and allow it to drive from one destination to the next in the safest and fastest way possible.  If the UAI can play a flying game and beat all the levels, then in real life I can build an ariplane that can fly from one location to the next in the fastest and safest way possible.  Finally, if the UAI can play a first person RPG game, then in real life I can build a human robot that can do human tasks.  This is why the artificial intelligence in the UAI is considered “universal”.  It can be applied to all machines and these machines will function a certain way intelligently.

The purpose of the Universal Artificial Intelligence program is to play any videogame and past all levels in the most optimal way possible.  The rules of the game must be understood by the UAI program.  If it is playing a racing game, the AI must know that hitting another car or object is something that is not allowed in the game.  Also, it must know that getting from the starting line to the finish line in the fastest time possible is the objective of the game.  In terms of a golf game, the AI must know the rules of golf.  For example, if the AI hits the ball and the ball goes into the water, then it will have one penalty stroke and the AI has to start all over again.  It also has to know that the objective of the game is to get the ball from the starting point to the hole in the shortest amount of strokes.  The UAI learns the objectives and rules of a game by reading books and attending lectures. Also, observing and understanding how to play games are very important elements in the UAI.

Knowledge has to be learned first before any intelligent action can take place.  Before we can write an essay we have to learn how to write first, before we become a doctor we have to learn medicine first, before we become a computer scientist we have to learn computer science first.  Gathering knowledge and using that knowledge to play a "game" is the foundation of the UAI program.

Within a human being's brain, a network of knowledge houses the rules and procedures of a game.  In terms of driving a car, we have to know the rules of driving.  We have to know that when the light is green we can move forward, we have to know that if the light is red we have to stop the car, we have to know that we can’t hit another car or object on the road, and we have to know that we can’t go beyond the speed limit posted on the roads.  These are the rules of driving and we must follow them.  There are consequences that happen when we don’t follow the rules.  For example, if we get caught for speeding then we have to pay a fine, if we hit another car we have to pay extra money for damages, and if we drink and drive we can be arrested.  The law system will enforce what will happen to us when we break the rules.  This same principal is used in the UAI program.  It uses a method where the AI will select pathways (in memory) that follow the law and stay away from pathways that lead to breaking the law.    
 

Human Level Artificial Intelligence program
Human beings do things in terms of predicting the future.  One example I can use is answering questions.  We are able to answer questions because we can predict what the outcome of a question is or the appropriate response to a question is.  For example, if I asked someone the question, what is your name.  There response will be their name.  That person is able to answer my question because he predicted the appropriate answer to my question.

The AI program learns things by finding out patterns.  There is a pattern to all questions and answers.  The computer will average out similar questions and answers and recognize the complex patterns.  The next time it encounters the question, because it learned the pattern to the Q and A, it can answer the question.

Human beings use language as a way to represent objects, behaviors, environments, scenes, and time.  The AI program will use the same technique it used for answering questions to find complex patterns to objects, behaviors, environments, scenes, time and use those complex patterns to represent language.  If you look at the different types of language spoken around the world, they all function pretty much the same way.  When the Americans say “cat” or the Chinese say “mau” or the Japanese say “neko” they are all talking about the same thing.  The structure of grammar for each language are a little different, but they are all trying to represent life using language.  We are literally living in a world with unlimited objects/time/situations and we are using language to classify what we are sensing.  Using words and sentences to identify and recall objects, events, time and situations makes it easier for humans to communicate with each other.  .   

Human beings function in one predictable way:  we pursue pathways that lead to pleasure and we stay away from pathways that lead to pain.  Why do we eat good food compared to bad food?  Because we like good food and we don’t like bad food.  Why do we want a higher paying job instead of being homeless?  Because we like more money and we don’t want to be homeless.  Why do we follow laws instead of breaking laws?  Because we want to be good citizens and we don’t want the consequences of breaking the law.  From these examples, you have an idea why human beings pursue pleasure and stay away from pain.

There are actually two forms to this human behavior.  The first form is short term benefits and the other is long term benefits.  Let’s start with the short term benefits first.  If you have a decision to make on wither to go to work or to go to the beach, what would your selection be?  Going to the beach is pleasure and going to work is pain, then why do human beings prefer to work instead of going to the beach?  If you look at this question from a short term point of view, then a human being will go to the beach because it’s pleasurable.  But people have to understand that we look at things in terms of the long term benefits.  We have the intelligence of judging the outcome of a scene from the long term point of view and finding out what benefits us the most.  If you go to the beach, then the very next day your boss will fire you.  If you go to work you will be miserable for the day, but you will still have a job and your monthly bills will be paid on time.  Judging this scene from the long term point of view, going to work is a more beneficial decision to make then going to the beach.


The conscious
The medical community has tried to define what a human conscious is for over hundreds of years.  No psychologist will tell you the meaning to a conscious because they don’t know what it is.  My theory on the human conscious is based on a rudimentary analysis of human behavior.  I basically use myself as the guinea pig to find out what the conscious is.  I had to brainstorm and ask myself many questions in order to come up with a conclusion.

The conscious is something that took a lifetime to accumulate.  The conscious you have right now started the moment you were born.  As you grew older the knowledge you accumulated from all your teachers are stored in memory and “averaged out”.  The conscious for you is the result of the average lessons you learned from life.  All the teachers you had, all the lessons thought by them are stored in memory (when I say teachers I mean, parents, friends, strangers, teachers, tv lectures, etc).  For example, if you were crossing the street, the first thing your conscious will tell you is:  “stop, look left, look right, and make sure there are no cars before crossing the street”.  This lesson in crossing the street isn’t a specific lesson taught to you by one teacher.  This lesson is the average lessons taught by numerous teachers.  The conscious is a construction of intelligence from a lifetime worth of learning.  If you recall all the lessons taught to you about crossing the street, the average of these lessons gives you the knowledge to cross the street.  There are more things that make up a conscious and I will be outlining them below.  

There are three main functions to the human conscious:

(1)     Finding the meaning of any given object (equals)
(2)     Finding information about the object (stereotypes)
(3)     Reminding the human to do things under certain situations (trees)

Finding the meaning of any given object
The most important aspect about human beings is our ability to understand natural language.  This distinguishes us from any living organism and is the main reason we are intelligent at a human level.  Sentences and words all have meaning.  An entire sentence like:  “the cat jumped over the box”, have meaning.  The meaning is we visualize a cat jumping over a box.  The power of language is very important because it brings order to chaos.  Especially when we live in a world where there are infinite possibilities we want to group the objects around us in a fixed way so that when we see it the next time we can identify it as the same thing.

Finding information about the object (stereotypes)
This one reminds us facts about an object.  We want to gather all the most recent and important information about any given object.  Let’s say that you have been friends with dave for a long time and you know a lot about this person.  Last week you saw dave get hit by a car.  Today, you to to school and dave was absent.  The first thing that you should be reminded of dave is that dave got into a car accident last week.  That fact is the closest association to dave at the moment.  Then other secondary facts about dave pops up like he takes risks, is a trouble maker, doesn’t do his homework etc.  This form of consciousness reminds us of the important facts of the object/s.

Remind the human to do things under certain situations (trees)
This one is very important because it guides us to do things under any situation.  It is like an ultimate teacher that tells us to do things at certain times.  Not only does it tell us to do things but it encapsulates all the ambiguous instructions.  One example of this consciousness is when you decide to go to a party.  When you are at home and getting ready to go to this party instructions start to pop up in your head.  Things like “what should I wear?”, “who is going to the party”, “What kind of party is this and what is the appropriate clothes I should wear?”.  These are reminders of instructions that you have to do under certain situations.  The answering of these questions are the instructions.

 

The distinction between UAI and HLAI
This UAI is just a piece of software and isn’t considered “alive”.  This means that the software program functions just like an operating system or painting program or internet browser.  They are not conscious of themselves and don’t have things like emotions or feelings and certainly will not be capable of self-thought.

This is a very good way of making machines that appear like they have human intelligence, but without pondering over ethical issues.  These machines have no feelings or emotions.  One good example of this is the operating system on most computers.  Does the operating system care if you swear at it, or does the operating system care if it’s midnight, or does it care what kind of person you are?  No, the operating system isn’t “alive”, it’s just a piece of software.

On the other hand, the Human level artificial intelligent program (human robot) is a different story.  This machine has built in feelings and emotions.  It is capable of self-thought and is fully aware of its environment.  When you swear at the robot it does take that swearing into consideration, or if you took a rock and threw it at the robot, it does feel pain, or if you embarrassed the robot in front of people, it will feel sad.  The reason why is because it was built that way.  HLAI is a robot that is built, not exactly the same, but similar to a human being.
 

Inventions by Mitchell Kwok (patents pending)

email: amember1234@yahoo.com